The "choking game" is defined as self-strangulation or strangulation by another person with the hands or a noose to achieve a brief euphoric state caused by cerebral hypoxia. Participants in this activity typically are youths (1). Serious neurologic injury or death can result if strangulation is prolonged. In recent years, news media reports have described numerous deaths among youths attributed to the choking game. Because no traditional public health dataset collects mortality data on this practice, CDC used news media reports to estimate the incidence of deaths from the choking game. This report describes the results of that analysis, which identified 82 probable choking-game deaths among youths aged 6--19 years, during 1995--2007. Seventy-one (86.6%) of the decedents were male, and the mean age was 13.3 years. Parents, educators, and health-care providers should become familiar with warning signs that youths are playing the choking game (2).
Death certificates lack the detail necessary to distinguish choking-game deaths from other unintentional strangulation deaths. Therefore, CDC identified probable choking-game deaths from 1) a LexisNexis* search in November 2007 of newspaper reports since the 1970s and 2) reports on two choking-game--awareness websites,† which were created in 2005 and 2006. Deaths of children listed on the two websites but not matched by LexisNexis newspaper reports were included in the assessment only if subsequent Internet searches located news media reports (e.g., from television stations) of the incidents confirming that the deaths met the case definition. For consistency, case characteristics were obtained only from news media reports.
A case was defined as a death, described in a news report, resulting from self-strangulation or strangulation by another person as part of an activity with elements of the choking game (also known as the "blackout game," "pass-out game," "scarf game," "space monkey," and by other names). Deaths were excluded if reports included any mention of autoerotic asphyxiation, a practice of choking oneself during sexual stimulation that is usually engaged in by teen-aged or adult males (1). Deaths also were excluded if reports noted that the medical examiner ruled the death was a suicide or of undetermined intent coupled with no mention of elements of the choking game, or if the age of the decedent was missing from news reports. Cases were restricted to youths aged <20 years who were residents of the United States. Following are two examples of cases of choking-game deaths.
Case 1. In February 2006, an adolescent boy aged 13 years came home from school in a good mood and had dinner with his family. He then went to his bedroom to do his homework. Approximately 1 hour later, his mother went to check on him and discovered him slumped in a corner with a belt around his neck. His face was blue. The mother began cardiopulmonary resuscitation while one of the other children called an ambulance. The boy died at a local hospital 1 hour later. No suicide note was found. The county medical examiner ruled that the death resulted from accidental asphyxiation by hanging. In the weeks following his death, multiple teens told the director of a local counseling agency that the choking game had been played at local parties.
Case 2. In April 2005, an adolescent girl aged 13 years was found dead, hanging from a belt and shoelace made into a noose on the door of her bedroom closet, after her brother went to her room to see why she had not come down for breakfast. No suicide note was found. The medical examiner determined that the teen had died at 9:30 p.m. the previous night. After the teen's death, the family learned that the girl had confided in a cousin that she recently had played the choking game in the locker room at school and that a group of girls at her school had been suspended for playing the choking game.
The LexisNexis search and follow-up Internet searches for confirmatory news reports on deaths from the two choking-game websites produced 106 deaths that referred to the choking game. A total of 24 of the deaths were excluded: 20 because news reports either provided no evidence of the choking game or because the medical examiner ruled the death was of undetermined intent, three because the death circumstances had autoerotic elements, and one because no age of the decedent was reported. Among the remaining 82 deaths, 49 (59.8%) were identified via LexisNexis, and 72 (87.8%) were collected from the choking-game websites. LexisNexis was the sole source for 10 (12.2%) of the deaths, and the websites were the sole initial source for 33 (40.2%) of the deaths; 39 (47.6%) deaths were identified by both sources. The median period between the date of death and the news media report was 33.5 days (range: 2 days--6 years).
The earliest choking-game death was identified as occurring in 1995. Three or fewer deaths occurred annually during 1995--2004; however, 22 deaths occurred in 2005, 35 in 2006, and nine in 2007. Seventy-one (86.6%) of the 82 decedents were male, and the age range of decedents was 6--19 years, with a mean age of 13.3 years (standard deviation = 2.1) and a median age of 13 years. Age distribution of the 82 choking-game decedents during 1995--2007 differed from that of the 5,101 youths aged 6--19 years whose deaths were attributed to suicide by hanging/suffocation during 1999--2005.
Among the 70 deaths for which sufficient detail was reported, 67 (95.7%) occurred while the decedent was alone. Among the 42 deaths for which sufficient detail was reported, 39 (92.9%) parents of decedents said they were not aware of the choking game until the death of their child.
Choking-game deaths occurred in 31 states; no geographic clustering was evident. Deaths did not vary significantly by season or by day of the week. No information regarding decedent drug use, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status was available.
Suicide is driven or motivated by psychological pain, but it takes a brand of tortured pain for self strangulation to occur. Not only is the method crude and painful, it leaves disturbing and painful images on those left behind whether or not they knew the victim personally. Most suicide victims are in a large amount of pain, but because of the nature of society no one notices anything. Some people may realize that something is not right but they rarely pay more than passing attention and only understand the depth of what they saw when the victim is discovered.
In self strangulation, since the victim is rarely aware of what method of hanging they are using, many things can occur that make it more painful than it would be other wise. Judicial hanging, where the prisoner is hanged and dies due to strangulation, is carefully calculated to ensure minimum pain for the person being hanged. In most cases, the prisoner looses consciousness within a few seconds and death follows shortly after. But when one stages their own hanging, there are no assistants to ensure that everything goes as planned and the person can remain aware for up to 20 minutes before they pass out, all this while they are struggling against the pain, and it is more like drowning.
Suicide by self hanging is a common despite the fact that one may fail while trying or may suffer more intense pain just before they die, than the pain that led them there in the first place. What makes it popular is that unlike poison and firearms, materials required to carry it out are more readily available. All one needs is some piece of anything remotely resembling a rope and leverage. However, there are reports that claim it is very difficult to carry out this form of suicide by oneself without assistance.
The Pain
The pain resulting from self strangulation or any other kind of suicide is not really felt much by the victim as they are now dead but rather the ones that are left behind. Unless of course the victim survives, then their pain is likely to double as they now have to add failure to their list of disappointments. The good thing is that many who survive the first attempt usually seek help and are better after a period of time.
The family and friends of the suicide victim are left behind feeling guilty for not having seen this, or done anything to stop it and some will go ahead themselves for what happened. It is difficult to deal with the loss, and in some societies, the family of the victim also has to endure slander from the rest of the community and the shame plus rejection and shunning. The Catholic faith considers suicide a cardinal sin and the person is not entitled to a proper Catholic burial. If those left behind are staunch Catholic, then the pain of knowing that their own will spend eternity in hell can be quite unbearable, especially for the parents of the victim.
Dealing with the pain
It is especially important that those left behind process their pain effectively or they run a risk of ending up like the victim. If the victim survives the attempt, psychological help should be sought immediately to ensure that this is not repeated. While one can feel that the pain they are enduring is unbearable and they need to get rid of it, knowing that others have been through this and have come out stronger and closer together as a family. Avoid focusing on what went wrong and try to remember that person in the good light that they were. Be comfortable in the knowledge that if you had had a chance to help them you would have and not realizing that something was terribly wrong does not make you a bad person.
Finally
Life is full of ups and downs and there is nothing that is permanent. All things change and what you feel now will pale in comparison to something else. For those who are contemplating suicide, try talking to someone about your pain, because the people who care about you go through a great deal of pain if you decide to end your life. And if you should still decide to go ahead and end your life, please stay away from self strangulation as it is painful and leaves a bad taste for who ever eventually finds you.
Warning signs:
- Discussion of the game or its aliases
- Bloodshot eyes
- Marks on the neck
- Wearing high-necked shirts, even in warm weather
- Frequent, severe headaches
- Disorientation after spending time alone
- Increased and uncharacteristic irritability or hostility
- Ropes, scarves, and belts tied to bedroom furniture or doorknobs or found knotted on the floor
- The unexplained presence of dog leashes, choke collars, bungee cords, etc.
- Petechiae (pinpoint bleeding spots) under the skin of the face, especially the eyelids, or the conjunctiva (the lining of the eyelids and eyes)
Thank you for reading,
Toxxic Lullaby